A Republic from an Empire's Ashes: Turkey Is Born
On October 29, 1923, Turkey's parliament proclaimed a republic with Mustafa Kemal as its first president, closing six centuries of Ottoman rule.
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The Day the Post Office Renamed Constantinople
On March 28, 1930, Turkey's new postal law refused to deliver mail addressed to 'Constantinople' — and the world finally had to call the city Istanbul.
The General Who Stepped Ashore and Started a Nation
On May 19, 1919, Mustafa Kemal landed at the Black Sea port of Samsun on a secret mission that ignited Turkey's War of Independence and led to the modern Turkish Republic.